Criteria Global Village Global Metropolis
Main communication mode Oral-aural communication Mediated communication
Major source of information Interpersonal network Mediated (mass and new technologies) communication networks overlaid and intermeshed with local interpersonal networks
Control of communication systems Sometimes hierarchical, but decentralized. Information is available to everyone at the same time. Hierarchical and centralized. Core groups have more control of information distribution over peripheral groups
Access to the means of communication Equal access is assumed Inequalities - different level of access by group status
Role of communication systems Create intimacy, new identities, or the dissolution of inequality Facilitate conversation and personal assessment of events at distances;
Enable multiplexed identities some of which may be virtual.
Form of community(ies) Sense of one community in harmony Interdependence of various groups with different economic, political, cultural resources and histories;
Simultaneous membership in multiple communities, some of which may be harmonious, others unrelated, or even some in conflict.
Structure of communication flows among groups Decentralized and horizontal Multi-directional: top-down, diagonal, horizontal, and bottom-up flows of information. Indirect exchange of information among peripheral groups.
Assumption on global culture Homogenization but Westernization dominates. Segmentation at local levels but some homogenization at global levels

Table 1. Summary table of two metaphors about global communication systems.